KUTCH, GUJARAT
MUD & MIRROR WORK
Lippan means mud washing and Kaam means work in the Gujarati language. Lippan work started as a way to decorate walls of bhunga (mud house) in Kutch, Gujarat. The aesthetics were way different than what they are today. Motifs and designs were made in thick bold lines of clay.
Even the mirrors were broken into small pieces by hand. These mirrors served a functional purpose as well. In summers, Lippan work done on the exterior walls of the bhungas reflects heat and helps in keeping the house cool. While on the interior walls, through the reflections of mirrors a single lamp would lighten the house. Earlier, the available color of clay determined the color of the artwork. Mud was used for light brown color, locally sourced white mud for white and terracotta for a deep red orange shade. The inspiration for this relief work is taken from the various embroidery patterns of Kutchi communities. Since each community has their own distinctive style of embroidery, they also have a distinctive style of mud and mirror work.
PROCESS
The process begins with collecting fresh mud from the river. To obtain finer clay, the mud is passed through a sieve and made into dough. Guiding lines are drawn on the surface on which Lippan kaam is to be done.